References

Chlorella

Weight loss

Mizoguchi T, Takehara I, Masuzawa T, Saito T, Naoki Y, Nutrigenomic studies of effects of Chlorella on subjects with high-risk factors for lifestyle-related disease, J Med Food. 2008 Sep;11(3):395-404, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18800884

Chon J, Sung J, Hwang E, Park Y, Chlorella methanol extract reduces lipid accumulation in and increases the number of apoptotic 3T3-L1 cells, Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Aug;1171:183-9, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19723054

Immunity

Kwak, J, Baek, S, Woo, Y. et al. Beneficial immunostimulatory effect of short-term Chlorella supplementation: enhancement of Natural Killercell activity and early inflammatory response (Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial), Nutr J 11, 53 (2012), https://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2891-11-53

Randall E, Merchant, C, Rice, C, Young, H, Dietary Chlorella pyrenoidosa for patients with malignant glioma: Effects on immunocompetence, quality of life, and survival, Phytotherapy Research, December 1990, Vol. 4, Iss. 6, 220-231, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.2650040605

Otsuki T, Shimizu K, Iemitsu M, Kono I, Salivary secretory immunoglobulin A secretion increases after 4-weeks ingestion of chlorella-derived multicomponent supplement in humans: a randomized cross over study, Nutr J. 2011 Sep 9;10:91, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21906314

Toxins

Kazuma O, Tadahisa, F, Jaegab H, Yoji K, Kazuhiro, S & Akira, O, Evaluation of Chlorella as a Decorporation Agent to Enhance the Elimination of Radioactive Strontium from Body, PLoS One. 2016; 11(2), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4734693/

Digestion

Wan X, Li T, Liu D, Chen Y, Liu Y, Liu B, Zhang H, Zhao C, Effect of Marine Microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa Ethanol Extract on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats, Mar Drugs. 2018 Dec 9;16(12), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30544856

Blood glucose

Hee Sun Lee & Mi Kyung Kim, Effect of Chlorella vulgaris on Glucose Metabolism in Wistar Rats Fed High Fat Diet, Journal of Medicinal Food, Vol 12, Iss 5, October 2009, https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/jmf.2008.1269

Brain health

Morgese, M et al. Chlorella sorokiniana Extract Improves Short-Term Memory in Rats Molecules, 2016 Oct; 21(10): 1311, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6274193/

Omega 3

Inflammation

Simopoulos AP, Omega-3 fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases, J Am Coll Nutr. 2002 Dec;21(6), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12480795

Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Belury MA, Andridge R, Malarkey WB & Glaser R, Omega-3 supplementation lowers inflammation and anxiety in medical students: a randomized controlled trial, Brain Behav Immun. 2011 Nov;25, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21784145

Diabetes

Jamilian M et al. The effects of omega-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil on genetic and metabolic profiles in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Br J Nutr. 2020 Jan 6:1-26, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31902378

Heart disease

Mozaffarian D, Ascherio A, Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Siscovick DS, Rimm EB, Interplay between different polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease in men, Circulation, 2005 Jan 18;111(2):157-64, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15630029

Depression

Kuan-Pin S, Shih-Yi H, Chih-Chiang C, Winston W, Omega-3 fatty acids in major depressive disorder: A preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, European Neuropsychopharmacology, Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2003, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0924977X03000324

Ginty, A & Conklin, S, Short-term supplementation of acute long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may alter depression status and decrease symptomology among young adults with depression: A preliminary randomized and placebo controlled trial, Psychiatry Research, Volume 229, Issues 1–2, 30 September 2015. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165178115003844

Brain health

Helland IB, Smith L, Saarem K, Saugstad OD, Drevon CA, Maternal supplementation with very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation augments children's IQ at 4 years of age, Pediatrics. 2003 Jan;111(1), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12509593/

Canhada S, Castro K, Perry IS, Luft VC, Omega-3 fatty acids' supplementation in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review, Nutr Neurosci. 2018 Oct;21(8), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28466678

Cardiovascular health

Ebrahimi M et al. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements improve the cardiovascular risk profile of subjects with metabolic syndrome, including markers of inflammation and auto-immunity, Acta Cardiol. 2009 Jun;64(3), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19593941

Dangardt F et al. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation improves vascular function and reduces inflammation in obese adolescents, Atherosclerosis. 2010 Oct;212, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20727522

Omega 6

Cardiovascular health

Marklund, M. et al. Biomarkers of Dietary Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality, Circulation. 2019;139:2422–2436, https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038908

Omega 9

Brain health

Kim, E. et al. The memory-enhancing effect of erucic acid on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice, Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2016 Mar;142:85-90. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26780350

Energy and mood

Kien, C. et al. Substituting dietary monounsaturated fat for saturated fat is associated with increased daily physical activity and resting energy expenditure and with changes in mood, Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Apr; 97(4): 689–697, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3607650/

Collagen

Anti-aging and antioxidant effect

Sibilla, S, Godfrey, M, Brewer, S, Budh-Raja, A, Genovese, L, An Overview of the Beneficial Effects of Hydrolysed Collagen as a Nutraceutical on Skin Properties: Scientific Background and Clinical Studies, The Open Nutraceuticals Journal, 2015, 8: 29-42, https://benthamopen.com/ABSTRACT/TONUTRAJ-8-29

Wang Z et al. Improvement of skin condition by oral administration of collagen hydrolysates in chronologically aged mice, J Sci Food Agric. 2017 Jul;97(9):2721-2726, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27747904

Asserin J, Lati E, Shioya T, Prawitt J, The effect of oral collagen peptide supplementation on skin moisture and the dermal collagen network: evidence from an ex vivo model and randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials, J Cosmet Dermatol. 2015 Dec;14(4):291-301, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26362110

Campos, M, Melo M, Calixto L, Fossa M (2015) An Oral Supplementation Based on Hydrolyzed Collagen and Vitamins Improves Skin Elasticity and Dermis Echogenicity: A Clinical Placebo-Controlled Study, Clin Pharmacol Biopharm 4:142, https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/an-oral-supplementation-based-on-hydrolyzed-collagen-and-vitamins-improves-skin-elasticity-and-dermis-echogenicity-a-clinical-placebocontrolled-study-2167-065X-1000142.php?aid=58654

Kim D, Chung H, Choi J, Sakai Y, Lee B, Oral Intake of Low-Molecular-Weight Collagen Peptide Improves Hydration, Elasticity, and Wrinkling in Human Skin: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study, Nutrients. 2018 Jun 26;10(7), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29949889

Anti-inflammatory activity

Hartog A, Cozijnsen M, de Vrij G, Garssen J, Collagen hydrolysate inhibits zymosan-induced inflammation, Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2013 Jul;238(7):798-802, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23788175

Osteoporosis and osteoarthritis

Porfírio, E, & Fanaro, G (2016), Collagen supplementation as a complementary therapy for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis: a systematic review, Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia, 19(1), 153-164, http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1809-98232016000100153

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