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Have you noticed that you may be feeling fatigued more often?  Perhaps you are experiencing shortness of breath or lightheadedness?  Maybe there are times when experience rapid heartbeats an irregular rhythm.  It’s possible that these may be symptoms indicating a  health condition called anaemia.    You may have heard of anaemia but may not know exactly what it is. Anaemia is defined as a lower than normal concentration of haemoglobin, or red blood cells, which results in reduced capacity of the blood to carry oxygen.  Haemoglobin is the main protein in your red blood cells. If you have anaemia, your haemoglobin level will be low. If the level drops low enough, your tissues or organs may not be getting adequate oxygen needed for them to function properly.  Symptoms of anaemia such as fatigue or shortness of breath happen because your organs are becoming oxygen deprived.  Unfortunately, anaemia affects more people than most realise.  In fact, it is estimated that that one-quarter of the world’s population has some form of anaemia.   The loss of blood that results in anaemia has a variety of causes. It may be due to  gastrointestinal issues such as ulcers, hemorrhoids or gastritis. You may have been prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen, which can lead to ulcers or gastritis.  Post-surgery can also contribute to blood loss. Women experiencing heavy periods or conditions such as fibroids are at risk of anaemia.  In actually fact, there are many possible reasons why a person may become anaemic. Most generally, anaemia is categorised into two main types i.e., iron deficiency anaemia and vitamin B12-deficiency anaemia. The best way to assess if you have anaemia is to have your doctor arrange for a blood test.   The Two Types of Anaemia   Iron deficiency anaemia occurs when the iron levels are too low. It is characterized by small, often pale, red blood cells. According to the Iron Disorders Institute, iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world. Your bone marrow needs iron to make haemoglobin, the part of the red blood cell that takes oxygen to your organs. Without it, the body cannot produce enough haemoglobin to make enough healthy red blood cells.   This type of anaemia is caused by a lack of the mineral iron either due to a lack of iron in your diet or the presence of gastro-intestinal issues.  There are 2 types of iron in food, haem and non-haem. Haem iron, found in meat, poultry and seafood, is absorbed more effectively than non-haem iron, which is found in eggs and plant foods.  That is why vegans and vegetarians are at greater risk of iron deficiency.(Saunders 2013)  Women need more iron to replace the amount lost in blood during menstruation. Until menopause, women need about twice as much iron as men. Pregnancy and breast feeding also use up iron stores in the body.   Vitamin B12-deficiency anaemia, also known as cobalamin deficiency, is a condition that develops when your body can't make enough healthy red blood cells from a lack of vitamin B12. Your body needs vitamin B12 to produce enough healthy red blood cells. Since your body doesn’t make vitamin B12, you have to get it from the foods or from supplements.   Without enough vitamin B12, blood cells do not form properly inside your bone marrow, the sponge-like tissue within your bones. These blood cells die sooner than normal, leading to anaemia. Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that supports energy production, DNA synthesis, brain and nervous system function, and red blood cell formation. It  helps with heart health by aiding in the breakdown of homocysteine, an amino acid associated with poor cardiovascular health (Group 2013 ) . Vitamin B12 is also a vitally important nutrient during pregnancy.    A B12 deficiency can result in many health issues, some are rather serious.  They include loss of energy, tingling, numbness, reduced sensitivity to pain or pressure, blurred vision, abnormal gait, sore tongue, poor memory, confusion, even hallucination and personality changes.   Following a plant-based lifestyle has many benefits.  However, one of the challenges of a plant-based diet is maintaining optimal levels of Vitamin B12 since it is typically found in animal products. It is important to note that studies discovered that many vegetarians and vegans have some form of deficiency of B12.  Thus, it  is imperative to supplement with B12 (Rizzo 2016 ) (Pawlak 2013 ) .  A 2021 study in Clinical Nutrition concluded (Bakaloudi 2021 ): Regarding macronutrients, vegan diets are lower in protein intake  compared with all other diet types. Veganism is also associated with low intake of vitamins B2, Niacin (B3), B12, D, iodine, zinc, calcium, potassium, selenium. Vitamin B12 intake among vegans is significantly lower and calcium intake in the majority of vegans was below recommendations.   Chlorella - A Natural Source Vitamin B12 and Iron   When searching for a source that can help boost your levels of iron and B12, look no  further than the superfood, chlorella.  This unicellular green algae is recognised as powerhouse for health. It is one of the most nutrient-dense foods on the planet. It is not an exaggeration to say that chlorella is nature’s own complete multivitamin-multimineral because it contains most of the essential nutrients needed to sustain life.   Its nutrient profile includes vitamins E, C and K, B-complex, biotin, zinc, calcium, magnesium, selenium, potassium, phosphorus and omega-3 essential fatty acid. In addition, it has more beta-carotene than carrots and more than five times more chlorophyll than wheatgrass. Chlorella also contains more than 50 percent of bio-available protein and all the essential amino acids. It is one of the few foods that naturally contain vitamin-D.   Chlorella is a great wholefood for helping to prevent anaemia.  Chlorella is truly an outstanding plant-based food source of methyl-cobalamine, the most absorbable form of Vitamin B12. (Bit 2020 ) Methylcobalamin is a natural, active form of vitamin B12 and is the principal circulating form of B12 that can enter into the bloodstream quickly.  It is also the most bioavailable, as it requires little to no conversion and crosses easily through every aspect of B12’s metabolic pathways. Therefore, it is the form that the body can effectively utilise.   It is important to emphasise that only chlorella has the methylcobalamin form of B12.  It is widely believed that the blue-green algae, spirulina, is also a good source of B12.  However, research has proven that this is not the case.  Spirulina has an inactive or pseudo form of B12, which is not the real thing.  This is known as a vitamin B12 analogue.  Not only is this inactive form unable to raise B12 levels, but what’s even more troubling is the fact it actually blocks the body’s ability to absorb B12 efficiently. Therefore, vegans and vegetarians should incorporate chlorella as a proven source of absorbable B12 rather than spirulina. (Watanabe 2007 )   Chlorella’s nutrient profile also includes iron. In fact, the iron content of chlorella is particularly impressive and can provide up to 40 per cent of your daily requirements. Unfortunately, most of the oral forms of iron supplements are difficult for the body to absorb. They also have uncomfortable side effects, such as, constipation, stomach pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting.    Incorporating chlorella into your daily nutritional regimen, will provide a form of plant-based iron that is easily absorbed and assimilated by the body. Perhaps even more importantly, chlorella contains vitamin C, an important nutrient that is needed to help the body properly absorb and utilise iron in the blood (Jacobs 2009 ).   Getting The Best Chlorella for Your B12 and Iron Needs   Chlorella is able to raise B12 and iron levels when you consume a high quality source. The purity and potency of the chlorella as well as the proprietary processing and packaging method, not only determines the highest nutrient profile but also is required to maintain its potency.    Biogenesis is a company devoted to bringing you not only the purest but also the  most nutrient dense, organic chlorella for your wellbeing. Biogenesis has been recognised for growing the highest quality, organic chlorella. It is 100 percent Australian owned and operated. In fact, it is  the only ‘Australian Made, Australian Grown’ licensed producer of chlorella. From its farm in tropical Queensland, right through to packing and distribution, its products are grown and processed in Australia to the highest quality standard.  Unlike many other countries that grow chlorella, the pristine water and abundant sunlight of Biogenesis’ tropical Queensland farm, insures the purest and highest quality  algae product available any where in the world.   The Biogenesis Biodynamic System utilises a combination of vacuum and ultrasonic technology that enables the nutrients of the cell to be made available without the risk of oxidation or nutritional losses.  This means that Biogenesis is able to deliver its powerhouse of all its nutrients efficiently to every cell in your body. Chlorella is a truly a unique nutritional product.  It is renown as a superfood with a comprehensive nutritional profile to support your health and wellbeing. If you are concerned about being anaemic, then chlorella can certainly be your source of nutrition to help restore healthy red blood cells and iron. This is especially true if you are a vegetarian or vegan. By adding Chlorella to your daily nutritional regimen, in addition to a balanced diet, you’ll be providing your body with a readily available form of active vitamin B12 and iron, along with all the other key nutrients. Chlorella is delivered to you by Nature (and Biogenesis) to guarantee you live your most vital and healthy life.   Sherrill Sellman,ND, is a Naturopathic Doctor, best-selling author, women’s health expert, contributor to health magazine worldwide, lecturer and  host of two weekly podcasts.  She  can be found at www.drsherrillsellman.com and @sherrillsellman   Rizzo G, Laganà AS, Rapisarda AM, La Ferrera GM, Buscema M, Rossetti P, Nigro A, Muscia V, Valenti G, Sapia F, Sarpietro G, Zigarelli M, Vitale SG. Vitamin B12 among Vegetarians: Status, Assessment and Supplementation. Nutrients. 2016 Nov 29;8(12):767. doi: 10.3390/nu8120767. PMID: 27916823; PMCID: PMC5188422. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27916823/ Pawlak R, Parrott SJ, Raj S, Cullum-Dugan D, Lucus D. How prevalent is vitamin B(12) deficiency among vegetarians? Nutr Rev. 2013 Feb;71(2):110-7. doi: 10.1111/nure.12001. Epub 2013 Jan 2. PMID: 23356638. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23356638/ Dimitra Rafailia Bakaloudi, Afton Halloran, Holly L. Rippin, Artemis Christina Oikonomidou, Theodoros I. Dardavesis, Julianne Williams, Kremlin Wickramasinghe, Joao Breda, Michail Chourdakis,Intake and adequacy of the vegan diet. A systematic review of the evidence, Clinical Nutrition, Volume 40, Issue 5, 2021, Pages 3503-3521,ISSN 0261-5614, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261561420306567 https://explore.globalhealing.com/10-best-foods-for-heart-health/ Bito T, Okumura E, Fujishima M, Watanabe F. Potential of Chlorella as a Dietary Supplement to Promote Human Health. Nutrients. 2020 Aug 20;12(9):2524. doi: 10.3390/nu12092524. PMID: 32825362; PMCID: PMC7551956. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32825362 Watanabe F. Vitamin B12 sources and bioavailability. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2007 Nov;232(10):1266-74. doi: 10.3181/0703-MR-67. PMID: 17959839. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17959839/ https://www.healthgrades.com/right-care/blood-conditions/6-side-effects-of-oral-iron-supplements Dagnelie PC, van Staveren WA, van den Berg H. Vitamin B-12 from algae appears not to be bioavailable. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 Mar;53(3):695-7. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/53.3.695. Erratum in: Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Apr;53(4):988. PMID: 2000824. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2000824/

Ocean Plant Calcium is a little-known yet fascinating marine substance with incredible potential to change human health. It's derived from a type of red sea algae. The unique characteristics of this substance make it an excellent ocean-derived source of calcium, and magnesium with over 70 marine trace minerals including manganese, sodium, Iodine, selenium, strontium, and boron which makes it a naturally occurring multi-mineral supplement option for consumers (Frestedt, 20091). The benefits of Lithothamnium Calcareum have been well-studied, and they've shown improvements in bone health, gut health.(Moussavou, 20142). The red algae also has anti-viral and anti-inflammatory attributes which may provide additional benefits to human health (Kaparapu, 20223). These exciting effects along with other properties unique to this specific algae have made it a recent point of interest in the world of health supplements, and Ocean Plant Calcium will no doubt become increasingly popular in the coming years.   The 5 Most Important Minerals You Should Be Getting In Your Diet Dive In! 5 Beneficial Marine Supplements   Ocean Plant Calcium is derived from an unusual plant. It lives in the cold deep waters of the Atlantic Ocean. It secretes a mineral-rich substance that creates an exoskeleton of sorts. This exterior shell is known as the algae's "fronds", and it's the material of relevance that's harvested commercially as a natural nutritional supplement (Aslam, 20104). These mineral-rich fronds are composed of 34% calcium and 2.4% magnesium as well as dense amounts of 70 other trace minerals (Aslam, 20104). The substance is ground up into a tasteless grayish-colored powder as a naturally occurring multi-mineral supplement. During the algae's lifespan, it collects minerals from the ocean and stores them in the fronds. This is what allows it to become such a dense source of nutrition.   What Are The Benefits Of Vitamin And Mineral Supplements? Red Algae - Good For You Or All Hype?   The high amounts of magnesium and calcium in particular have made the Ocean Plant Calcium supplement quite popular. Magnesium is required for over 300 biochemical reactions in the body, yet it's a relatively common nutritional deficiency (DiNicolantonio, 20185). Low magnesium can result in general fatigue, loss of appetite, poor sleep, muscle spasms, and difficulty with focus and other cognitive functions (DiNicolantonio, 20185). There are many other magnesium supplements on the market, but studies have shown that marine-sourced magnesium is far more bioavailable and may also be less likely to cause gastrointestinal disturbances (Felice, 20186).   Why You Need Calcium & Magnesium For Good Health   Calcium is the other major mineral Lithothamnium Calcareum is known for. Calcium is essential for strong bones, and the prevention of the increasingly common osteoporosis diagnosis in the elderly (Sozen, 20167).  These vital functions help muscles to contract and the body to protect itself from injury. Inadequate calcium consumption is a frequent occurrence and finding plant-based sources of calcium in particular is a difficult task (Vladimirovich, 20198). Red algea represents a much-needed solution for plant-based and omnivorous eaters alike with low calcium intakes. The multi-mineral complex the calcium is sourced from makes it a much more bioavailable and balanced supplement solution than synthetic or even bone-based alternatives (Adluri, 20109).   8 Plant-Based Foods High In Calcium   The health effects of Ocean Plant Calcium that are perhaps most surprising and specific to this particular type of algae are the benefits it has on gut health. Red Algea has multiple independent effects that can improve gut function. It's been shown to lower gastric acidity which has preventative effects against the development of stomach ulcers (Jacobs, 202011). Additionally, Ocean Plant Calcium acts as both a mineral prebiotic to improve the vitality of gut-repairing bacteria that reside in the digestive tract, as well as a synbiotic which means it also contains bacteria that directly repopulate the gut flora (Crowley, 201812). This combination can have a profoundly positive effect on repairing and improving gut health overall. In more specific terms, the gut-healing effects of taking Ocean Plant Calcium are because it increases production of short-chain fatty acids (Felice, 202013). Short-chain fatty acids are anti-inflammatory, and serve to maintain the integrity of the gut barrier (Silva, 202014). This means it may potentially help assist with IBS symptoms and other related gut dysbiosis issues ((Felice, 202013).   How Your Gut Health Affects Your Whole Body 9 Ways To Improve Your Gut Bacteria, Based On Science   A third health boosting effect Ocean Plant Calcium has been shown to have is preservation of liver health and function (Varani, 202215). Fatty liver disease is the development of excessive fatty tissue in the liver which can impede its many essential functions and permanently damage liver tissue over time (Clark, 200216). It a study it has shown to help to assist liver damage caused by fatty liver disease (Harber, 202217).   What To Know About Fatty Liver Disease   A final health benefit that studies have shown from Ocean Plant Calcium supplementation is improvement in brain health. Chronic inflammation is often a health concern anywhere it shows up in the body, including the brain. Chronic brain inflammation can cause brain fog, unclear thoughts and mental fatigue, (Aktas, 200718). There are many factors that can potentially lead to brain inflammation, including but not limited to chronic stress, poor circulation,  environmental pollutants, and consuming certain foods. Ocean Plant Calcium has anti-inflammatory properties that serve to impede the biochemical reaction that takes place in response to environmental triggers and causes inflammation (Ryan, 201019). This may mean it has a valuable role in preserving brain health along with its many other health-boosting functions.   5 Tips To Keep Your Brain Healthy   Based on the current amount of research available on the Lithothamnium Calcareum, it's clear that Ocean Plant Calcium supplementation is capable of actively improving the health of the average individual by ensuring they consume an adequate amount and balance of bioavailable essential minerals. This could improve energy, focus, sleep, cognitive function, gut health, bone density, and many other health parameters. The health supplement supports overall health and longevity in a broad way. Overall, there is ample evidence to support regular consumption of the product based on the minimal risk, and the massive potential benefits to human health.   References Dillon, J. C., Phuc, A. P., & Dubacq, J. P. (1995). Nutritional value of the alga Spirulina. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics, 77, 32-46. doi: 10.1159/000425220. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2642861/ Mata, T. M., Martins, A. A., & Caetano, N. S. (2010). Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(1), 217-232. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.020. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/12/9/4898/htm Borowitzka, M. A. (2020). Introduction: The Science of Algae. In M. A. Borowitzka (Ed.), The Physiology of Microalgae (pp. 1-7). Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-95574-4.00002-0. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323955744000020# Khan, Z., Bhadouria, P., & Bisen, P. S. (2005). Nutritional and therapeutic potential of Spirulina. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 6(5), 373-379. doi: 10.2174/138920105774370607. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2877502/ Kulshreshtha, A., Zacharia, A. J., Jarouliya, U., Bhadauriya, P., Prasad, G. B., & Bisen, P. S. (2008). Spirulina in health care management. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 9(5), 400-405. doi: 10.2174/138920108785915111. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5786912/ Bachstetter, A. D., Jernberg, J., Schlunk, A., Vila, J. L., Hudson, C., Cole, M. J., Shytle, R. D., Tan, J., Sanberg, P. R., Sanberg, C. D., Borlongan, C. V., Kaneko, Y., Tajiri, N., Gemma, C., & Bickford, P. C. (2010). Spirulina promotes stem cell genesis and protects against LPS induced declines in neural stem cell proliferation. PLoS One, 5(5), e10496. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010496. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2873244/ Kulshreshtha, A., Jarouliya, U., Bhadauriya, P., Prasad, G. B. K. S., & Bisen, P. S. (2008). Spirulina in health care management. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 9(5), 400-405. doi: 10.2174/138920108785915111. 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Marine Drugs, 11(1), 233-252. doi: 10.3390/md11010233. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0737080620303567 Wijesekara, I., Pangestuti, R., & Kim, S. K. (2011). Biological activities and potential health benefits of sulfated polysaccharides derived from marine algae. Carbohydrate Polymers, 84(1), 14-21. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.10.062. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/16/6/216 Pérez, S., Taléns-Visconti, R., Rius-Pérez, S., Finamor, I., & Sastre, J. (2020). Redox signaling in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Evidences for the protective role of Nrf2. Nutrients, 12(3), 624. doi: 10.3390/nu12030624. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32749902/ Kaushik, P., & Kaur, J. (2003). Chronic cold exposure affects the antioxidant defense system in various rat tissues. Clinica Chimica Acta, 333(1), 69-77. doi: 10.1016/S0009-8981(03)00201-6. 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Healthy hair and skin is something many people go to great ends to achieve. The beauty industry has come up with endless products as supposed solutions to these natural desires. It made a staggering revenue of US$534bn globally in 2022 alone (Verma, 20221). Despite the massive amount of money being dedicated to these issues, results from the beauty industry are decidedly mixed. A simple explanation for this is that healthy looking skin and hair come primarily from being a healthy individual, rather than from topical products that can be used to cover up an issue. This perspective explains the recent uptick in popularity of foods and supplements that support overall health, and can lead to naturally healthy hair and skin (Faria-Silva, 20202). Chlorella is one prominent example of a plant "superfood" being used both in products and as a supplement to support healthy looking hair and skin with impressive results (Kim 20203).   How Nutricosmetics Became The Latest Trend In The Beauty Market   Both skincare and haircare are complex topics, but since skin is a vital organ essential for human life, the topic is much more nuanced. Skin functions as a barrier between harmful substances in the outside world and the protected inner world of the body (Walters, 20024). Just below the surface of the skin are immune cells, blood and lymphatic vessels, hormonally active tissues, and much more (Walters, 20024). It then makes sense that the health of all of these bodily systems may affect both the health and appearance of the skin. Most importantly, the network of immune cells that reside in skin tissue means immune function can play a direct role on the health and appearance of the skin. When the immune system is weakened, the skin is much more prone to inflammation, hypersensitivities, and acne causing bacterial imbalances (Nguyen, 20195). Chlorella can play an important holistic role in healing these issues from the inside out by supporting optimal immune function (An, 20086).   Keep Your Skin Healthy What Does Your Immune System Do For Your Skin?   Nutritional deficiencies can also play a major role in the appearance of the skin. Vitamin C, A, E, D, zinc, several B vitamins, as well as certain fats and proteins are all known to play a role in skin health (Schagen, 20127). Chlorella is an excellent source of nearly all of the nutrients important for maintaining the health of the skin (Tokusoglu, 20068). The body requires the physical building blocks of amino acids, as well as synergistic vitamins and minerals that take part in the biochemical processes that build healthy skin components like collagen (Barchitta, 20199).   12 Best Foods For Healthy Skin Nutrition And Your Skin Health   In addition to the nutrient support chlorella offers for collagen production, it can help contribute to skin health by positively affecting blood and lymphatic health (Rezvani, 201210, Bito, 202011). Both of these vascular systems are used to help deliver essential nutrients and other bioactive substances to skin tissue, as well as to help remove harmful waste products. Blood contains red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body to which fuels cellular repair and growth. Chlorella provides an impressive amount of iron which is necessary for the red blood cells to deliver oxygen (Bito, 202011). The lymphatic system also moves fluid throughout the body, and is one of the body's main sources of detoxification (Skobe, 200012). Chlorella contains iodine which is thought to support lymphatic movement and help the body clear harmful substances that could potentially lead to visible skin issues (Rezvani, 201210). Chlorella is also a natural detoxifying food that could potentially lessen the load on a stagnant or overworked lymphatic system, and reduce resulting skin irritations (Lee, 201513).   Does Great Skin Start In The Blood? The Lymphatic System And Skin Health   Hair health has a significant overlap with skin health, though there are differences. Since hair does not contain live cells, the health of the scalp is what determines the health and appearance of hair. The scalp contains hair follicles for hair to grow from, and this process requires nutrients which are delivered by small local blood vessels (Sinclair, 200714). Hair is often quick to become affected by nutrient deficiencies since hair growth is an accessory feature. It's not essential for survival, so energy and nutrients will be devoted to more important bodily functions first if there is a shortage (Sinclair, 200714).   Simple Secrets To Healthier, Fuller, Shinier Hair   The nutrients that support good skin health and similar to those needed for hair health. B vitamins, iron, omega 3s, and even adequate protein supply are all particularly important for hair (Finnerm 201215). Hair growth supplements are a commonly used product which tend to have large synthetic doses of these nutrients. Chlorella can serve as a more effective food alternative to supplements since these nutrients are in a more bioavailable form, with more natural ratios (Bito, 202011). Some of these nutrients are particularly difficult to ingest adequate amounts of on vegetarian or vegan diets, which means people following those diets may have even more to gain from chlorella consumption (Merchant, 201516).   Best Food For Hair Growth: What To Eat, Drink, And Avoid   The links between healthy shiny hair, clear glowing skin, and overall health are undeniable. Approaching these beauty concerns from a holistic point of view may lead to longer lasting results than relying on products, and provide a plethora of other benefits alongside. Supplying the body with nourishment from the inside out from chlorella consumption seems to be an affordable, effective, and well rounded solution to supporting natural health and beauty. References Ali, S. H., & Hussain, Z. (2022). The role of oxidative stress in skin aging and skin diseases. In A. Alim, H. B. Zulfiker, & M. A. Hosen (Eds.), Oxidative Stress in Human Health and Disease (pp. 269-288). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8403-6_14 Binic, I., Lazarevic, V., Lausevic, M., Mojsa, J., & Sokolovic, D. (2019). Skin ageing: Natural weapons and strategies. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 827248. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/827248 Choi, J., Lee, E., & Lee, H. (2007). Hair shaft damage from heat and drying time of hair dryer. Annals of Dermatology, 19(4), 201-205. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2007.19.4.201 Walters, K. A., & Roberts, M. S. (2002). Structure and function of the skin. In J. F. Nash & K. A. Walters (Eds.), Dermatological and Transdermal Formulations (pp. 1-39). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203908270 Lee, H., Lee, J. H., & Gorden, T. (2019). Analysis of cosmetic ingredients that affect skin barrier function. Toxicological Research, 35(2), 131-141. https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2019.35.2.131 Park, M. J., & Yoo, Y. M. (2008). Effect of antioxidant activity on the oxidative stability of hair cosmetics. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea, 34(2), 171-176. Retrieved from https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO200835062475403.pdf Saraf, S., & Kaur, C. D. (2012). Phytoconstituents as photoprotective novel cosmetic formulations. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 6(11), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.95849 Swift, J. A., & Bews, B. (2003). The chemistry of human hair cuticle: A new analytical approach. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 54(4), 353-366. Retrieved from https://ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb09615.x Szyszkowska, B., Łepecka-Klusek, C., Kozłowicz, K., Joźwiak, S., & Langner, M. (2019). The influence of selected ingredients of dietary supplements on skin condition. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(5), 1119. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20051119 Talaei, S. (2017). The effect of hydrolyzed keratin and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate on hair. International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 5(2), 52-58. Retrieved from https://ijasr.srbiau.ac.ir/pdf_5589_7a8 Tang, S. C., & Yang, J. H. (2019). Dual effects of alpha-hydroxy acids on the skin. Molecules, 24(9), 2524. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091524 Trueb, R. M. (2014). Oxidative stress in ageing of hair. International Journal of Trichology, 1(1), 6-14. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-7753.66903 van Zuuren, E. J., & Albusta, A. Y. (2014). Topical treatment of facial seborrheic dermatitis: A systematic review. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 15(2), 115-134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-014-0068-6 Westgate, G. E., Botchkareva, N. V., & Tobin, D. J. (2007). The biology of hair diversity. International Journal of Dermatology, 46(2), 2-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2007.03112.x Wickett, R. R., & Visscher, M. O. (2012). Structure and function of the epidermal barrier. American Journal of Infection Control, 40(4), S98-S110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2011.09.018 Yoon, H. S., Cho, H. H., Cho, S., Lee, S. R., Shin, M. H., & Chung, J. H. (2015). Supplementing with dietary astaxanthin combined with collagen hydrolysate improves facial elasticity and decreases matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -12 expression: A comparative study with placebo. Journal of Medicinal Food, 18(7), 757-764. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2014.3261   

Immune health is a complex topic relevant to the health and wellbeing of everyone. It's common to think of the immune system simply as the body's innate defense from getting sick, and while this is true, it's not the whole picture. Far beyond protecting the body from seasonal illnesses, the immune system is vitally essential to keep humans alive and healthy on a day-to-day basis. The immune system is a barrier of defense between the internal body's ability to maintain homeostasis, and the limitless deadly microbes in the outer world capable of disrupting it. There are lifestyle factors that can impede the proper functioning of the immune system, and reversely, there are actions that can help support immune health. One interesting addition to the list of beneficial lifestyle factors is consumption of the algae chlorella, which contributes to immune health in multiple ways (Ewart 20071).   The Human Immune System Explained How To Boost Your Immune System   Most of the immune cells in the body reside in the gut, though several other organs and tissues are involved in immunity (Parkin 20012). The skin and gut make up the portion of the immune system that comes into contact with the outside world, with several organs and the lymphatic system forming the rest (Parkin 20012). The immune system has the ability to detect forgien invaders through receptors. When activated, these cells send a message to alert the relevant organs that produce the specific immune cells needed to respond to the situation. There are a large number of different types of immune cells which are most often recruited in a cohesive joint response (Chaplin 20103). After the infection has successfully been dealt with offensively, the immune system is also responsible for the "clean up crew". It helps to repair tissues and restore function (Chaplin 20103).   Gut Health and The Immune Response   While a total lack of immunity is rare, what's a far more common health concern is an overworked or chronically fatigued immune system that doesn't function to its fullest capacity (Murakami 20124). This can be seen acutely when an individual is going through a period of high stress or sleep deprivation and they become much more likely to succumb to a viral infection or feel generally unwell (Glaser 20055). Many people are chronically stressed which can degrade immune health in their day-to-day life over time for complex reasons (Chandola 20066).   How Does Stress Affect the Immune System Stress Effects on the Body   The trigger for the immune system to become activated is inflammation. Inflammation can arise for many reasons, including but not limited to: poor diet, poor sleep, chronic high stress, and lack of physical activity (Rizzetto 20187). The reason the gut is populated with an incredible amount of immune cells is because it's one of the body's primary sites where it encounters microbes or other undesirable substances that can cause inflammation (Rizzetto 20187). The health of the immune system then relies to a large extent on the integrity of the gut lining (Rizzetto 20187). The gut lining is held together by what's known as "tight junctions". When these junctions are leaky, it impairs the lining's ability to filter out dangerous substances, which causes inflammation and triggers an immune response (Scales 20168).   What is Chronic Inflammation (and how to Treat it) Gut Bacteria and Inflammation   One of the first ways chlorella is known to be able to help with immune health is by improving gut health (Lv 20229). What often determines the integrity of tight junctions is the presence of healthy gut bacteria populations (Nagpal 201810). Chlorella supports good gut bacteria due to its high prebiotic content (Lv 20229). Chlorella is rich in fibre and omega 3 fatty acids which act as food for healthy bacteria which increases their proliferation, and in turn can prevent overpopulation of harmful ones (Menni 201711).   Gut Health and Prebiotics Omega-3 May Keep Gut Microbiota Diverse and Healthy   In addition to the gut health benefits of chlorella, there is plenty of evidence to suggest that chlorella also supports the immune system by lowering chronic inflammation (Sibi 201612). While inflammation itself is not necessarily a sign of ill-health, issues arise when this signal is misused and overused in the body (Furman 201913). This could mean the immune system is being triggered unnecessarily due to an autoimmune issue, or that the chronic inflammation and immune activation has simply taken a toll on the body and weakened the body's ability to respond to forgein invaders when it is acutely needed (Furman 201913). Chlorella's ability to fight chronic inflammation largely lies in its high antioxidant content (Lee 200914).   Foods That Fight Inflammation 9 Impressive Health Benefits of Chlorella   All facts considered, it's clear that chlorella has multi-faceted and synergistic benefits with huge potential to support immune health. The body of research on chlorella's ability to help specific immune issues is still growing, but what is currently known is enough to suggest that chlorella consumption is low-risk and may greatly improve immune and overall health.   References Böhm, V. (2007). Lutein and zeaxanthin in dietary supplements: current status and regulatory implications. Planta Medica, 73(11), 1135-1141. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-981544 Clayton, P. R., & Ladi, S. (2000). Lutein and zeaxanthin in dietary supplements: a review of current status and regulatory implications. The Lancet, 356(9230), 639-642. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04904-7 Coleman, A. L., Yu, F., Ensrud, K. E., Stone, K. L., Cauley, J. A., Pedula, K. L., ... & Mangione, C. M. (2010). Visual field loss and risk of fractures in older women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 58(8), 1475-1480. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02974.x D'Acquisto, F., Maione, F., & Pederzoli-Ribeil, M. (2012). From IL-15 to IL-33: the never-ending list of new players in inflammation. Is it time to forget the humble aspirin and move ahead? Frontiers in Immunology, 3, 323. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2012.00323 Dinarello, C. A. (2007). Interleukin-18 and the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Nature Reviews Immunology, 7(2), 141-153. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2016 Fehily, A. M., Pickering, J., & Yarnell, J. W. (2006). A diet rich in carotenoids is associated with lower risk of heart disease. BMJ, 332(7540), 521-522. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.332.7540.521 Garelnabi, M., & Taylor-Smith, L. (2018). Lutein and zeaxanthin in dietary supplements: current status and regulatory implications. Food Research International, 113, 187-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.073 Giera, S., Braza, F., & Chimenos-Küstner, E. (2016). Lutein and zeaxanthin in dietary supplements: current status and regulatory implications. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 100(3), 563-574. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.3MR0316-106R Godoy, J., Kutszegi, A., & Perretti, G. (2022). Lutein and zeaxanthin in dietary supplements: current status and regulatory implications. Foods, 11(5), 725. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11050725 Gomes, M. B., Negrato, C. A., & Gomes, M. B. (2018). Lutein and zeaxanthin in dietary supplements: current status and regulatory implications. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2018, 3462092. https://doi.org/10.1155 Gomes, M. B., Negrato, C. A., & Gomes, M. B. (2018). Lutein and zeaxanthin in dietary supplements: current status and regulatory implications. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2018, 3462092. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3462092 Gonzalez-Nunez, D., Traves, P. G., Pimentel-Santillana, M., & Rico, D. (2017). Lutein and zeaxanthin in dietary supplements: current status and regulatory implications. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 11114. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10382-2 Hidalgo, M., Prieto, I., Abriouel, H., Cobo, A., Benomar, N., Gálvez, A., & Martínez-Cañamero, M. (2016). Lutein and zeaxanthin in dietary supplements: current status and regulatory implications. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 379. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00379 Kuehn, B. M. (2019). Lutein and zeaxanthin in dietary supplements: current status and regulatory implications. Nature Medicine, 25(12), 1812-1813. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0675-0 Park, S. Y., Wilkens, L. R., & Henning, S. M. (2009). Dietary patterns and risk of ovarian cancer in a case-control study. Nutrition Research, 29(8), 558-564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2009.07.006 Prieto, I., Abriouel, H., Martínez-Cañamero, M., & Gálvez, A. (2019). Lutein and zeaxanthin in dietary supplements: current status and regulatory implications. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 70(7), 793-800. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2019.1570085  

Chlorella is a green, unicellular alga that is a superfood containing almost all the nutrients required for optimizing your health.  Additionally, chlorella has more folate (2.5 mg/100 g dry weight) and iron (104 mg/100 g dry weight) than comparable plant-based foods. Due to this, chlorella can help maintain cardiovascular health, promote a healthy pregnancy, and prevent anemia, among other health benefits (Bito, 2020). Health Benefits of Chlorella Due to Folate and Iron Unlike animals, plants can produce folate molecules de novo (Gorelova, 2017). Therefore, plant-based foods like spinach and other green leafy vegetables are sources of folates for us. However, studies indicate that spinach has less folate than chlorella. This means that chlorella supplements are a wonderful way for people to get the required folate into their diets (Woortman, 2020). Similarly, chlorella also contains more iron than other plant-derived foods. It is also a rich source of vitamin C, which aids in iron absorption (Panahi, 2016). Read on to learn about few health benefits of chlorella due to folate and iron. 1.    Great For Energy Folate, together with vitamins B12 and B6, helps to regulate elevated levels of homocysteine in the blood. Increased homocysteine levels may raise the risk of heart and blood vessel disease (cardiovascular disease) (Selhub, 1995), (Ganguly, 2015). Homocysteine is a non-protein-forming amino acid generated as a byproduct of methionine metabolism and converted to cystathionine by cystathionine-synthetase, an enzyme dependent on vitamin B6. Methionine synthase, an enzyme dependent on vitamin B12, is capable of remethylating homocysteine back to methionine. Folate is also necessary for the remethylation of homocysteine through the production of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (Ganguly, 2015). Hyperhomocysteinemia is caused by deficiencies in vitamins B12, B6, and folate (Forges, 2007). Several clinical studies show that atherosclerosis is linked to low folate levels (Bunout, 2000). 2.    Promotes Healthy Pregnancy Folate insufficiency before and throughout pregnancy is linked to neural tube defects in babies. Neural tube abnormalities such as spina bifida can occur during the first few months of pregnancy. Research indicates that folate supplementation help reduces neural tube birth abnormalities (Czeizel, 2013). During pregnancy, folate helps your fetus's skull, brain, and spinal cord form, making it an essential nutrient for neurodevelopment. Folate is one of the vital vitamins for developing the neurological system. In addition, folate is necessary for normal cell growth and function, including the production of red blood cells. It is crucial to take a prenatal vitamin that contains folate if you are pregnant or planning to conceive (Pitkin, 2007).  3.    Good For Eye Health Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye illness that damages your central vision, although its cause is not entirely understood. In addition to inflammation and oxidative stress, it is believed that high homocysteine levels may also have a role. According to a study, taking folate on a regular basis can reduce the incidence of AMD by up to 40% (Christen, 2009). 4.    Facilitates Everyday Body Processes Your body needs iron to synthesize hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that helps transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body, and myoglobin, a protein that transports oxygen to your muscles. This is essential for efficient daily bodily functions, immune system function, energy, and more (NIH). Iron also contributes to the creation of some hormones by promoting the health of thyroid gland, which is responsible for the synthesis and regulation of numerous hormones in your body (Chatterjee, 2021). Chlorella supplements provide adequate amounts of iron to facilitate your body's processes, reduce fatigue, and enhance energy levels for daily activities. 5.    Helps with Iron Deficiency During pregnancy, the blood volume in a woman's body rises, necessitating a higher iron intake for both her and the growing child. If a woman doesn't get enough iron while pregnant, she's more likely to get iron deficiency anemia, and her baby is more likely to be born early or with low iron levels. Iron deficiency may also hinder the infant's cognitive development (NIH). In addition, the phytates found in grains bind iron, forming an insoluble compound, which significantly reduces iron absorption in the intestines. Thus, vegans and vegetarians may be susceptible to iron-deficiency anemia (Gibson, 2018). Chlorella products include a considerable amount of iron (104 mg/100 g dry weight), the consumption of which may prevent anemia. Additionally, it contains vitamin C, which aids iron absorption (Bito, 2020). Chlorella supplementation has been examined for its ability to prevent iron-deficiency anemia in both rats (Gao, 2019) and humans. Oral chlorella supplementation (6 g/day) for 12-18 weeks lowered indicators of anemia compared to the control group, showing that chlorella supplementation may lowers the risk of pregnancy-associated anemia in a cohort of 32 women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (Nakano, 2010). 6.    May Assist With Blood Issues Researchers believe that chlorella, due to the presence of folate and iron, may help reduce high blood pressure in pregnancy (Nakano, 2010). Folate reduces homocysteine levels. Supplementing with 6 grams of chlorella per day from weeks 12-18 of pregnancy reduced anemia and symptoms of pregnancy-induced hypertension in 32 pregnant Japanese women (Nakano, 2010). 7.    Promotes Hair, Skin, And Nail Health Another benefit of iron is that it is needed to make connective tissue. Therefore, a high iron level is essential for healthy hair, skin, and nails (Sato, 1991). If you notice that your hair, nails, or skin are brittle or lifeless, you may want to check your iron levels. Remember that iron is necessary for the formation of hemoglobin and the transportation of oxygen throughout the body. When this process is inefficient due to low iron levels, the body's cells may not receive adequate oxygen, resulting in brittle nails, hair loss, and a yellow complexion (American Society of Hematology). Taking chlorella supplements may provide you required iron content for promoting healthy hair, skin, and nails. 8.    Improves Athletic Performance Your aerobic capacity may be affected by your iron stores since iron is essential for creating energy and carrying oxygen to your cells. Simply said, if oxygen cannot flow through your body rapidly enough, you may feel weary and weak, which is not ideal when jogging, swimming, or working out (Rubeor, 2018). Thus, chlorella may improve your athletic performance due to iron, folate, and other energy-boosting vitamins and minerals. The Bottom Line Chlorella is an algae that delivers a powerful nutritional punch because it is rich in numerous vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Folate and iron are only found in plant-based foods. But chlorella has more folate and iron than other plant-based foods you can readily absorb. References Bito, T., Okumura, E., Fujishima, M., & Watanabe, F. (2020). Potential of Chlorella as a Dietary Supplement to Promote Human Health. Nutrients, 12(9), 2524. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7551956/ Gorelova, V., Ambach, L., Rébeillé, F., Stove, C., & Van Der Straeten, D. (2017). Folates in Plants: Research Advances and Progress in Crop Biofortification. Frontiers in chemistry, 5, 21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28424769/ Woortman, D. V., Fuchs, T., Striegel, L., Fuchs, M., Weber, N., Brück, T. B., & Rychlik, M. (2020). Microalgae a Superior Source of Folates: Quantification of Folates in Halophile Microalgae by Stable Isotope Dilution Assay. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 7, 481. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32039182/ Panahi, Y., Darvishi, B., Jowzi, N., Beiraghdar, F., & Sahebkar, A. (2016). Chlorella vulgaris: A Multifunctional Dietary Supplement with Diverse Medicinal Properties. Current pharmaceutical design, 22(2), 164–173. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26561078/ Selhub, J., Jacques, P. F., Bostom, A. G., D'Agostino, R. B., Wilson, P. W., Belanger, A. J., O'Leary, D. H., Wolf, P. A., Schaefer, E. J., & Rosenberg, I. H. (1995). Association between plasma homocysteine concentrations and extracranial carotid-artery stenosis. The New England journal of medicine, 332(5), 286–291.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7816063/ Ganguly, P., & Alam, S. F. (2015). Role of homocysteine in the development of cardiovascular disease. Nutrition journal, 14, 6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25577237/ Forges, T., Monnier-Barbarino, P., Alberto, J. M., Guéant-Rodriguez, R. M., Daval, J. L., & Guéant, J. L. (2007). Impact of folate and homocysteine metabolism on human reproductive health. Human reproduction update, 13(3), 225–238. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17307774/ Bunout, D., Petermann, M., Hirsch, S., de la Maza, P., Suazo, M., Barrera, G., & Kauffman, R. (2000). Low serum folate but normal homocysteine levels in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease and matched healthy controls. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 16(6), 434–438. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10869899/ Czeizel, A. E., Dudás, I., Vereczkey, A., & Bánhidy, F. (2013). Folate deficiency and folic acid supplementation: the prevention of neural-tube defects and congenital heart defects. Nutrients, 5(11), 4760–4775. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24284617/ Pitkin R. M. (2007). Folate and neural tube defects. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 85(1), 285S–288S. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17209211/ Christen, W. G., Glynn, R. J., Chew, E. Y., Albert, C. M., & Manson, J. E. (2009). Folic acid, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin combination treatment and age-related macular degeneration in women: the Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study. Archives of internal medicine, 169(4), 335–341. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2648137/ Iron, Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-HealthProfessional/ Chatterjee, S., Chakrabarti, P., & Sinhamahapatra, P. (2021). Relationship between iron metabolism and thyroid hormone profile in hypothyroidism. International journal of research in medical sciences, 9, 2330–6012. https://www.msjonline.org/index.php/ijrms/article/view/9269 Gibson, R. S., Raboy, V., & King, J. C. (2018). Implications of phytate in plant-based foods for iron and zinc bioavailability, setting dietary requirements, and formulating programs and policies. Nutrition reviews, 76(11), 793–804. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30010865/ Gao, F., Guo, W., , Zeng, M., , Feng, Y., , & Feng, G., (2019). Effect of microalgae as iron supplements on iron-deficiency anemia in rats. Food & function, 10(2), 723–732. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30664135/ Nakano, S., Takekoshi, H., & Nakano, M. (2010). Chlorella pyrenoidosa supplementation reduces the risk of anemia, proteinuria and edema in pregnant women. Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 65(1), 25–30. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20013055/ Sato S. (1991). Iron deficiency: structural and microchemical changes in hair, nails, and skin. Seminars in dermatology, 10(4), 313–319. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1764360/ Iron-Deficiency Anemia. American Society of Hematology. https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/anemia/iron-deficiency Rubeor, A., Goojha, C., Manning, J., & White, J. (2018). Does Iron Supplementation Improve Performance in Iron-Deficient Nonanemic Athletes?. Sports health, 10(5), 400–405. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6116100/

The term "anemia" is often used interchangeably with "iron-deficiency" and though they are related, they aren't quite the same thing. Iron deficiency is a broader term that can manifest in several ways. Iron deficiency anemia is a specific type of iron deficiency where a lack of iron results in too few healthy red blood cells (Balendran 20211). This is a common result of inadequate iron. Iron deficiency is the most common mineral deficiency worldwide, thought to affect as many as 20% of the world population in developed and underdeveloped nations alike (Balendran 20211). The reasons for low iron levels are most often diet-related, but there are several other factors that can play a role. Getting to the root cause of an individual's low iron status is paramount to resolving their deficiency, though increasing iron intake through supplemental or dietary intake is almost always part of the solution. One food that has shown the ability to effectively increase iron levels is the freshwater algae chlorella, which has many attributes that make it uniquely helpful (Tomohiro Bito 1, ).   Iron Deficiency Anemia Symptoms How Chlorella Helped with my Low Iron Levels   Before examining chlorella, it's first essential to understand iron metabolism in the body. Iron is a mineral that's essential for human life. The main role it plays is as a component of hemoglobin; also known as red blood cells (Dev 20173). Red blood cells carry oxygen in the blood to be delivered throughout the body. Oxygen transport is important for both respiration and energy metabolism, so impairment to this system commonly has symptoms of low-energy and fatigue (Dev 20173). The metabolism of iron in the body is very tightly controlled since it's so essential. The body has methods of increasing or decreasing absorption and stores of iron as a buffer to adapt for intake variance (Dev 20173).   Iron Functions in the Body   The reasons low iron levels arise can stem from any combination of: insufficient intake, malabsorption, excessive excretion, or increased needs (Zimmermann 20074). Iron needs are particularly high for pregnant or breastfeeding women, vegetarians or vegans, as well as for growing children (Haider 20175). These groups of people are all at a higher risk of deficiency. Similarly, individuals with illnesses or conditions that impair iron absorption will also have a more difficult time meeting their iron needs and may require intervention. This may include chronic kidney disease, celiac disease, those who've had gastric bypass surgery (Yilmaz 20186).    How Much Iron Do You Need per Day?   Though there are many causes for low iron, the most common and easily remedied situation is simply an inadequate intake from diet (Balendran 20211). Low iron can be measured through tests that observe stores in the blood, as well as red blood cell count to diagnose this (Read 20217). The body does have some innate measures to protect itself from low iron status, such as increasing gastric absorption or decreasing stores, but these are not long-term solutions (Gulec 20148).   What is an Iron Blood Test?   Iron supplements are often the first line of defense used to treat low iron. While they work well for some individuals, they are also known to have a range of unpleasant side effects and are often not as bioavailable as food sources (Bloor 20219). An alternative strategy for increasing iron levels with fewer unpleasant effects is to increase intake through food, and to support high levels of absorption through adequate intake of synergistic nutrients.   What You Need to Know About Iron Supplements Iron-Rich Foods   This explains why chlorella can be such an excellent choice for individuals with low iron status. It's an excellent source of the mineral, with higher quality brands generally containing higher levels (Safi 201410). Perhaps even more importantly, chlorella contains all of the important nutrients needed to help the body properly absorb and utilize iron in the blood (Jacobs 200911).   Chlorella Nutrition Facts   Chlorella contains very high amounts of vitamin c and good amounts of vitamin d (Safi 201410). Both of these nutrients increase absorption of iron in the gut (Lee 201412). Vitamin d in particular is difficult for individuals who consume few to no animal products to obtain. Vegans and vegetarians are less likely to meet their iron intake recommendations, and will have a harder time obtaining vitamin d sources since they exist almost exclusively from animal foods (13). Chlorella is a rare plant-based source of vitamin d, which makes it extremely valuable for increasing iron levels in vegetarians and vegans.   Vitamin C and Iron: A Perfect Match 7 Healthy Foods That Are High in Vitamin D   In addition to vitamin c and d, vitamin b12 plays a key role in achieving healthy iron levels. Vitamin b12 is likewise found predominantly from animal foods, and is therefore a nutrient vegetarians should pay particular attention to consuming from other sources (Dominguez 202114). Chlorella is an excellent plant source of vitamin b12, which is needed to protect red blood cells (Safi 201410). A deficiency in vitamin b12 can therefore lead to a deficiency in iron as well, making them synergistic nutrients (McIlvaine 201315).   B12 & Iron Together Vitamin B12 in Plant Foods   From this evidence, it's clear that chlorella is uniquely helpful for increasing iron levels due to its convenient composition of interrelated nutrients, and high bioavailability. It may have fewer side effects than synthetic iron supplement options, and it is suitable for all types of diets and eating preferences.   References   Rao, A. R., Kulkarni, P., & Kanitkar, M. (2021). Protective role of lutein and zeaxanthin in diabetic retinopathy: a review. Nutrients, 13(11), 4027. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114027 Chen, S., Zhang, S., & Wu, J. (2020). Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation and association with visual function in age-related macular degeneration. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 61(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.61.1.7 Wu, J., Cho, E., Giovannucci, E. L., Rosner, B. A., Sastry, S. M., Willett, W. C., & Schaumberg, D. A. (2018). Dietary intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and risk of age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology, 125(5), 671-679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.10.009 Yakes, E. A., Arden, G. B., Bernard, G. J., & Hancox, J. (2007). Nutritional supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin improves visual performance in older subjects: a randomized controlled trial. The Lancet, 370(9603), 2015-2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61235-5 Ma, L., Liu, R., Du, J. H., Liu, T., Wu, S. S., & Liu, X. H. (2016). Lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin supplementation associated with macular pigment optical density. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 56(6), 992-1002. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2016.1259210 Pintea, A. (2018). Lutein and zeaxanthin in the prevention and treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Pharmacy, 11(4), 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy11040098 Wu, J., Ma, L., Chen, S., Li, S. Y., Li, S. S., & Zhu, L. (2021). Association of dietary patterns with age-related macular degeneration and cataract: a cross-sectional study in China. JAMA Network Open, 4(9), e2124612. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.24612 Xiang, M., Wang, P. X., Wang, A. B., Zhang, X. J., & Zhang, Y. (2013). Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation and association with visual function in age-related macular degeneration. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 305(12), G920-G927. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00348.2013 Scala, A., Armani, A., & Vassallo, A. (2021). Lutein and zeaxanthin in dietary supplements: current status and regulatory implications. Molecules, 12(2), 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules1202033 Rizwan, N., & Nandra, C. (2014). Lutein and zeaxanthin in dietary supplements: a review of current status and regulatory implications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 40, 114-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.097 Wallace, T. C. (2009). Anthocyanins in cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 89(5), 1543S-1548S. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736X Wang, Y., Chung, S. J., McCullough, K., & Song, W. O. (2014). Dietary carotenoids are associated with cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers mediated by serum carotenoid concentrations. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 25(7), 793-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.03.010 Kim, J. H., Lee, K. T., & Choi, J. H. (2021). Metabolomic profiling of dietary carotenoids and their metabolites in human plasma using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Metabolites, 11(4), 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11040255 Liu, R. H. (2007). Whole grain phytochemicals and health. Journal of Cereal Science, 46(3), 207-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2007.06.010 Cunnane, S. C., Plourde, M., Pifferi, F., Bégin, M., Féart, C., & Barberger-Gateau, P. (2009). Fish, docosahexaenoic acid and Alzheimer's disease. Progress in Lipid Research, 48(5), 239-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2009.04.001  

Fatigue is something everyone experiences at some point or another. Most often, it's in response to a lack of sleep, dietary issues, or periods of high stress, though there are many other factors that can contribute to its development (Bassi 20081). Fatigue can be temporary or chronic, with a broad range of severity. Naturally, the specific causes of fatigue for each case determine the ways to reverse it. The occurrence of chronic fatigue is surprisingly common, and it's most often due to a combination of factors (Junghaenel 20132). One part of the solution is diet related. Addressing nutrition inadequacies and imbalances is a vital component of managing energy levels. Chlorella has been highlighted by many researchers as being one helpful dietary strategy for targeting several fatigue-related issues (Noguchi 20133).   Fatigue can come from several different dietary issues: too much or little food, nutrient deficiencies, or poor nutrition as a cause or instigator for disease (Tardy 20204). Proper nutrition is firstly needed for calories which are converted into energy. Beyond this, many vitamins and minerals are required for effective energy metabolism (Tardy 20204). The path from food to energy via digestion is complex and requires a multitude of vitamins and minerals to take part in chemical reactions. The most essential required micronutrients for metabolism are: b vitamins, vitamin c, zinc, iron, and magnesium (Tardy 20204). This may partially explain why chlorella has been shown to improve energy levels, as it is a good dietary source of all of the aforementioned nutrients (Rani 20185). The second possible diet-related cause of chronic fatigue is when poor diet contributes to illness. Most illnesses, if not all, take an energetic toll on the body. In particular, diabetes is known to cause feelings of tiredness (Fritschi 20106).  Another significant factor that can lead to chronic fatigue is chronic stress. The phenomena of oxidative stress in particular is a well known cause of low-energy and other unpleasant systems (Fukuda 20168). Oxidative stress occurs when the body has an excess of dna-damaging free radicals in the body. This can stem from countless environmental sources, all with the common effect of causing inflammation (Fukuda 20168). This is another area where chlorella's unique benefits can be of assistance. Chlorella is very high in a number of antioxidant nutrients which may combat oxidative stress, and it has anti-inflammatory properties (Lee 20109). Chlorella has been shown to reduce symptoms of fatigue in otherwise healthy subjects with these effects (Okada 201710). While there certainly is more to the issue of fatigue than chlorella can comprehensively address, such as sleep issues, medication side effects and mental health aspects, it can certainly serve as a component of an otherwise healthy lifestyle to help maximize energy and vitality.    References Doria, A., Caligiuri, P., & Pizzigallo, E. (2009). Chronic fatigue syndrome: Characteristics and possible causes for its pathogenesis. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, 22(1), 15-24. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andrea-Doria-3/publication/5551032_Chronic_fatigue_syndrome_Characteristics_and_possible_causes_for_its_pathogenesis/links/02e7e51fa04a5a14e8000000/Chronic-fatigue-syndrome-Characteristics-and-possible-causes-for-its-pathogenesis.pdf Naviaux, R. K., Naviaux, J. C., Li, K., Bright, A. T., Alaynick, W. A., Wang, L., ... & Gordon, E. (2013). Metabolic features of chronic fatigue syndrome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(37), E5472-E5480. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607571113 Gupta, A., & Silman, A. J. (2014). Psychological stress and fibromyalgia: a review of the evidence suggesting a neuroendocrine link. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 6(3), 98-106. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar1176 Brown, B. I. (2020). Chronic fatigue syndrome: a personalized integrative medicine approach. Global Advances in Health and Medicine, 9, 2164956120906853. https://doi.org/10.1177/2164956120906853 Kumar, S., & Suresh, P. (2018). Spirulina: A potent source of valuable bioactive constituents and its health benefits. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 7(7), 431-435. Retrieved from https://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/2018/vol7issue7/PartJ/7-7-62-339.pdf Klimas, N. G., Broderick, G., & Fletcher, M. A. (2010). Biomarkers for chronic fatigue. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 24(8), 1209-1216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2010.03.011 Gammone, M. A., Riccioni, G., & Parrinello, G. (2018). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: benefits and endpoints in sport. Nutrients, 11(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010046 Mattson, M. P. (2015). Lifelong brain health is a lifelong challenge: from evolutionary principles to empirical evidence. Ageing Research Reviews, 20, 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2014.12.011 Marventano, S., Kolacz, P., Castellano, S., Galvano, F., Buscemi, F., Mistretta, A., & Grosso, G. (2015). A review of recent evidence in human studies of n-3 and n-6 PUFA intake on cardiovascular disease, cancer, and depressive disorders: does the ratio really matter? International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 66(6), 611-622. https://doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2015.1077790 Tsuge, K., Kataoka, Y., & Seto, Y. (2017). Effects of a Spirulina-based dietary supplement on cytokine production from allergic rhinitis patients. Journal of Medicinal Food, 20(2), 171-178. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2016.3775

Eye health is something that most individuals consider to be genetic, and while it is to some extent, there are also many modifiable lifestyle factors that can greatly affect eye function. One of the main factors is nutrition (Abdel-Aal 20131). Chlorella in particular is a food that can play a role in supporting good eye function and preventing disease (Qi 20182) (Shibata, 2009). Most common problems of the eye are age and inflammation related. Fighting inflammation and providing proper nutrition to delay degenerative effects may then be an effective strategy for preserving eye health (Lawrenson 20193).   While nutrition for eye health is still an evolving field, nutrients that have been shown to be especially important include: vitamins A, B, C, E, beta-carotene, selenium, zinc, omega 3s and even more prominently; the antioxidants lutein, and zeaxanthin (Demmig-Adams 20134). These nutrients work synergistically, and need to be consumed in balance to achieve the best results. Studies have shown that food sources are more bioavailable and effective than synthetic versions (Demmig-Adams 20134). Synthetic supplements have even been shown to have negative effects in some cases due to the unnaturally high dosages of the vitamins and differences in how the body reacts to the man-made molecules (Demmig-Adams 20134).   With these considerations, chlorella has emerged as a remarkably beneficial food for supporting eye health since it contains good amounts of all of the above mentioned nutrients in a naturally occurring and bioavailable form (Bito 20205). Additionally, the interdependent function of the nutrients requires either an expertly composed supplement that offers a balanced variety of nutrition, or an assortment of foods combined to contain adequate amounts of each need. Chlorella is a rare single food source that contains a balance of all of the key nutrients required for eye health, making it an easy solution for natural supplementation.   Some of the most common eye problems include age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, and glaucoma. These conditions are all related to oxidative stress since the eye which eyes are particularly vulnerable to in comparison to areas of the body (Lawrenson 20193). Eyes contain a high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids which are susceptible to forming reactive oxygen species when exposed to visible light (Sacca 20186). This is primarily why good eye health requires an array of various antioxidant nutrients: to combat oxidative stress. Carotenoids like zeaxanthin, lutein, and vitamin A are one type of antioxidant that are especially helpful (Abdel-Aal 20131) (Serra, 2021). Different carotenoids serve different functions, which may explain the need for a balanced diversity of antioxidants (Demmig-Adams 20134)). While direct studies examining chlorella's effects on eye health are still evolving, there is ample evidence to support its use within the context of preventative eye care. (Bernstein, 2008)     References   Bone, R. A., Landrum, J. T., & Cao, Y. (2013). Macular pigment response to a supplement containing meso-zeaxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin. Nutrition & Metabolism, 10, 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-10-42 Katsuura, S., Imamura, T., Bando, N., & Yamanishi, R. (2009). Effects of luteinizing hormone on lutein and zeaxanthin accumulation in the human retina. Food Science and Technology Research, 15(4), 449-455. https://doi.org/10.3136/fstr.15.449 Liu, Y., Hu, X., Wu, Q., & Sun, L. (2018). Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation and its molecular mechanism in age-related macular degeneration. Journal of Ocean University of China, 17(2), 411-418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-018-3465-2 Gammone, M. A., Riccioni, G., & D'Orazio, N. (2019). Carotenoids: potential allies of cardiovascular health? Food & Nutrition Research, 63. https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v63.1656 Stringham, J. M., & Hammond, B. R. (2013). Macular pigment and visual performance under glare conditions. Optometry and Vision Science, 90(2), 124-131. https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0b013e31827f15c0 Estrada-Luna, D., Ortiz-Rodríguez, M. A., & Medina-Campos, O. N. (2020). Protective effect of lutein and zeaxanthin on the diabetic retina of Wistar rats. Nutrients, 12(9), 2734. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092734 Boonpraderm, A., Chonpathompikunlert, P., & Kukongviriyapan, V. (2021). Protective effects of lutein against methotrexate-induced oxidative stress in rat liver. Antioxidants, 10(8), 1164. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081164 Mares, J., & LaRowe, T. L. (2018). Lutein and zeaxanthin and their potential roles in disease prevention. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 36(5), 379-389. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2017.1353617 Kijlstra, A., Tian, Y., Kelly, E. R., & Berendschot, T. T. (2012). Lutein: more than just a filter for blue light. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 31(4), 303-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.03.002 Stringham, J. M., & Hammond, B. R. (2011). Dietary lutein and zeaxanthin: possible effects on visual function. Nutrition Reviews, 69(2), 102-112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-488 Seddon, J. M., Ajani, U. A., Sperduto, R. D., Hiller, R., Blair, N., Burton, T. C., ... & Yannuzzi, L. A. (1994). Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration: Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group. JAMA, 272(18), 1413-1420. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1994.03520180037032 Weigert, G., Kaya, S., Pemp, B., Sacu, S., Lasta, M., Werkmeister, R. M., ... & Schmetterer, L. (2014). Effects of lutein supplementation on macular pigment optical density and visual acuity in patients with age-related macular degeneration. Nutrition Journal, 13(1), 57. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-13-57 Yonova-Doing, E., Hysi, P. G., Venturini, C., Williams, K. M., Nag, A., Beatty, S., ... & Hammond, C. J. (2013). Candidate gene study of macular response to supplemental lutein and zeaxanthin. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 54(7), 6695-6702. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.13-12527

Chlorella is a hot new superfood taking the world by storm, and for good reason! It boasts a long list of health benefits with hundreds of studies supporting its effectiveness. While it may be a new mainstream health topic, it's certainly not new to earth! Chlorella has been around for 2 billion years and was discovered by humans in the early 19th century. It's been thoroughly proven to be safe and beneficial for a number of uses.   Chlorella can be consumed to support general health and one lesser known function of chlorella specifically relevant to women's health is its ability to improve iron levels. Women have higher iron requirements than men since they lose iron through menstruation, pregnancy and lactation, which means they have a greater risk of developing a deficiency. Exacerbating this issue is the fact that women on average consume less food overall, and more specifically, less foods rich in iron. Those following vegetarian and vegan diets in particular may struggle to meet their iron needs. Iron deficiencies can lead to experiencing fatigue, dizziness, weakness, and shortness of breath among other symptoms., which is sadly prevalent within studied populations. A recent study by Columbia University in the United States has shown that a whopping 30% of the women sampled had a mild to severe iron deficiency.   While iron supplements are commonly prescribed for iron deficiency, they are known to have potential side effects including stomach aches, cramps, nausea, and constipation. Chlorella side effects appear to be less common, and milder. Supplement sources of iron also may not be as bioavailable as the iron within chlorella. Nutrients such as vitamin C, prebiotics, and probiotics increase the absorption of iron, and chlorella happens to be rich in both complementary vitamin C, and prebiotic fiber. An additional reason why chlorella could be considered a superior alternative to traditional iron supplements is due to its antioxidant content and anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation of the intestine can decrease iron absorption, and the promising possibility of chlorella's dual action to mitigate this damage while providing a highly bioavailable iron source is truly unbeatable!   To put it simply, chlorella is one of the most nutrient-dense wholefoods and its composition is far more complex than alternative synthetic options created in a laboratory setting. Nature has made this superfood packed with protein, vitamins B12 and D, iron, vitamin C, fiber, omega 3 , 6 and 9 fatty acids and many other vitamins and minerals that work synergistically to improve human health in a number of ways. While it's certainly possible to combat low iron with dietary modifications or supplement use, chlorella is likely the simplest way to ensure adequate intake of highly bioavailable iron, and it has the added benefit of lowering inflammation and improving gut-health to further support this use. This superfood truly has no comparable alternative, and the only thing you'll regret is not trying it sooner!  

A study discovered that a Ketogenic diet reduces iron status in endurance athletes to an extent that may compromise their performance. ⁠⁠So if you are currently doing a keto diet make sure you are consuming foods with high levels of iron.⁠Reference⁠McSwiney, F., Wardrop, B., Volek, J., & Doyle, L. (2017). Effect of a 12 week low carbohydrate ketogenic diet versus a high carbohydrate diet on blood count indicators of iron status in male endurance athletes. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 76(OCE3). doi:10.1017/S0029665117001458

Well, a new study has found that exercising four hours after you learn something new can help boost memory. So make sure you do some form of exercise after you have finished studying or learning something new.⁠⁠Also if you need more energy during the day to study or to exercise but want something that is convenient and easy to take, check out our Natural Chlorella Tablets. These are the perfect way to get in your daily dose of fibre, magnesium and essential vitamins and minerals.⁠⁠References:⁠van Dongen, E. V., Kersten, I. H., Wagner, I. C., Morris, R. G., & Fernández, G. (2016). Physical exercise performed four hours after learning improves memory retention and increases hippocampal pattern similarity during retrieval. Current Biology, 26(13), 1722-1727.

Besides having Biogenesis Natural Chlorella Powder⁠ in our smoothies, you can also add cinnamon spice. 👌⁠⁠An interesting study demonstrated that having a total of 1–6 g of cinnamon spice daily may assist with insulin sensitivity. It goes amazing with apples and Biogenesis Chlorella mixed berry flavour! 🍎⁠⁠Happy Weekend Everyone!⁠⁠References⁠Anderson, R. (2008). Chromium and polyphenols from cinnamon improve insulin sensitivity: Plenary Lecture. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 67(1), 48-53.⁠⁠Solomon, T.P.J., Blannin, A.K. Changes in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity following 2 weeks of daily cinnamon ingestion in healthy humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 105, 969 (2009).

Chlorella is one such supplement, with numerous studies showing that Chlorella has a positive effect on the immune system.

Chlorella is one of the most nutrient-dense superfoods currently available and has been linked to a number of benefits such as weight loss, lower cholesterol and better brain health.

If you’re keen to give your immune system a helping hand, these studies show that a daily Chlorella supplement could be useful. And if you choose BioGenesis Chlorella, you can be confident that it’s 100% natural, organic and vegan – just the way nature intended.

The best way to ensure optimum health of your bones is to ensure you are consuming adequate levels of vitamins and minerals, particularly calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and vitamins K2 and B12. And the easiest way to do this? Include a daily Chlorella supplement and you’ll be doing your bones and joints a favour.

Chlorella also has a unique ability to bind to heavy metals and radioactive particles and flush them from the body. That’s why it’s often used to help people recover from radiation exposure and chemotherapy.